DOPPLER ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY

Doppler echocardiography is an ultrasound technique that allows a dynamic examination of the heart, in real time, using specific software and equipment. This examination is useful to investigate the anatomic structures of the heart and also its function. The Doppler modes help to study the blood flow (direction and speed) and to detect possible abnormal refluxes (e.g. valvular insufficiencies, ventricular wall defects).

When is a Doppler echocardiography indicated?

An echocardiography is recommended when a cardiac arrhythmia and/or a murmur are auscultated, or whenever a cardiac abnormality is suspected. It can be recommended to complete a pre-purchase examination.

How is an echocardiography Doppler exam performed?

The echocardiography is a totally non-invasive examination, which can be performed in the stable and in the nervous horse. The ultrasound probe is placed in a small area just behind the elbow.

ELECTROCARDIOGRAM OR ECG

The ECG or electrocardiogram is a recording of the electric activity of the heart muscle. It is useful to assess cardiac rhythm and heart rate. The horse’s ECG can be recorded either at rest or during exercise. This can be gallop work, normal training or jumping efforts.

What are the indications for an ECG?

An ECG is recommended in the following circumstances:

• Detection of a cardiac arrhythmia at rest

• Unexplained poor performance – exercising ECG can find arrhythmias that are undetectable when the horse is at rest

• Fainting or collapse

• Underlying disease that might predispose to arrhythmia (e.g. aortic insufficiency, metabolic disorders)

How is an ECG performed?

Self-adhesive removable electrodes are placed on the thorax and/or the neck. They are connected to the recording unit by cables, usually placed under the saddle or harness. The ECG trace can be examined in real-time and post-exam, in detail, on specialised software.